Apparatus for liquefying solid carbon dioxide



Sept. 4, 1934. w s HAID ET AL 1,972,771

APPARATUS FOR LIQUEFYING SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE Filed Dec. 15, 1952 3Sheets-Sheet l g M w 10 f? Sept. 4, 1934. w 5 ET AL 1,972,771

APPARATUS FOR LIQUEFYING SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE Filed Dec. 15. 1932 3Sheets-Sheet 2 Spt. 4, 1934. w 5 HA") ET AL 1,972,771

APPARATUS FOR LIQUEFYING SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE Filed Dec. 15. 1932 3Sheets-Sheet 3 J? f a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FORLIQUEFYING SOLID CARBON DIOXIDE Walter S. Haid, Tulsa, Okla., and PhilipA. H. Terrell, Washington, D. 0.

Application December 15, 1932, Serial No. 648,088 15 Claims. (01.62-91.5)

The invention relates to liquid gas generators, Figure 1 is a view inelevation of the gas genior instance of the type wherein solidifiedcarerator. 4 bon dioxide is placed in a covered chamber of a Figure 2 isa vertical longitudinal sectional single container sublimed andtransferred view throughthe generator shown in Figure 1.

through valve means to a second container cham- Figure 3 is a view inelevation of another form her in the same container andprevented from ofgenerator formed from a number of sections retracing its course to thefirst chamber thereby and having a check valve therein. allowing thecover of the first chamber to be 1 Figureiisavertical longitudinalsectional view opened for refilling purposes; the valve means throughthe generator shown in Figure 3.

being disposed entirely within the container and Figure 5 is a view inelevation of a further form automatically operated by pressure withinthe of the invention showing a plurality of chambers chambers. in asingle tank, and discharge means therefrom.

A further object is to provide a carbon dioxide ur 6 s a i ta sec onaView taken on liquefier in the form of a single container havl e -6 ofFigure 5.

l5 ing a covered chamber for the reception of solidi- Figure 7 s a V altransverse sectional View 7 fied gas a, second chamber, valve meansbetween through one end of the device shown in Figure 5. said chambersentirely within the container and Figure 8 i a V w in l v i n d P r ly ncontrolled by pressure of gas generated i a, a section of a twocompartment type of machine. ner whereby upon opening of the cover tothe Figure 9 is a further modification of the two generating chamberescape of gas from the second Cylinder type machine with Valveconnection chamber will be prevented, thereby allowing easy between thesame. manipulation of the cover and preventing loss Referring to t d aws, and particularly t of gas while refilling. Figures 1 and 2, thenumeral 1 designates the A further object is to build up the singleconupp section of the Casing, h lower d f 25 tainer from tubular membershaving closed ends w h is bulged as shown at and s p d in telescopicallydisposed in open ends, to which th upp p d 3 of the w r s n as theclosed ends are welded, thereby obviating the clearly shown i Figure heower section 4 necessity of welding partitions between the seca s lowerend closed as Shown at 5, a formed tions which are hard to make waterand gas integral therewith as the bulged end 2 of the upper 30 proofagainst leakage, especially of gas, under section Preferably by adrawing p ration high pressure. After the lower end of the section 1 isdisposed in A further object is to form the closed ends of the upperopen end 2 of the section 4, the a jacent the casing sections by adrawing operation, theresection ends are Welded together as shown at 6,by forming an absolutely leakproof partition bethereby forming aleek-proof ct Here- 35 tween the various chambers, and the atmosphere,tofore it has been the pra i to r the casing after the weldingoperation. from tubular sections open at their ends and to A furtherobject is to shoulder the closed drawn we d bottom on the lower e of hlower secends of the casing sections, thereby allowing 9. tion and apartition between the sections-so as to relatively long telescopicengagement and weldrm pp and lower Qhsmbers 7 and 40 ing surface if sodesired. Where a partition is Welded to form the cham- A further objectis to provide discharge pipe bers and also a bottom on the lowersection, it is means whereby gas generated in the various extremelydifficult to get leak-proof connections chambers may be by-passed fromchamber to in a container adapted to hold a gas under high chamber asdesired, or removed therefrom for pressure, for instance carbon dioxidegas under a 45 discharge to apparatus, for instance a soda waterpressure from twelve hundred to three thousand fountain or bottlingmachine as desired. pounds, and by drawing the ends 2 and 5 and With theabove and other objects in view the forming the same integral with thecasing section, invention resides in the combination and arit is obviousit will only be necessary to make the rangement of parts as hereinafterset forth, single weld as shown at 6, thereby reducing the 60 shown inthe drawings, described and claimed, amount of weldingto a minimum,consequently it being understood that changesiin the precise thepossibility of leakage. embodiment of the invention may be made withinChambers '7 and 8 are provided with a by-pass the scope of what isclaimedwithout departing pipe 9, so that gas generated from solid carbonfrom the spirit of the invention. dioxide in the upper chamber 7 may bestored in 55 In the drawings: the lower chamber 8 bymanipulating thevalves no .soda fountain or a bottling apparatus.

10 carried by pipe 9, gas may be discharged from either chamber througha common discharge pipe 11 when the valve 12 is open. Pipe 11 may leadto any suitable source of discharge, for instance a By providing the twochambers, the lower chamber 8 may be cut off from the upper chamber whenthe cover 13 is opened for'replenishing the chamber '7 with solid carbondioxide from time to time and without interfering with the operation ofapparatus to which gas is'being delivered. By-pass pipe 9 is providedwith fracture valves 14 for relieving excessive pressure within thechambers '7 and 8. -It will be noted that a single cylinder with twocompartments is formed with the minimum amount of welding and that thedevice may be supported in a stand 15 if desired.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, in this form, three chambers 15, 16 andl'7 are provided in a single cylinder and. the chamber 15 in which\thesolid carbon dioxide is received is carried by an upper section 18, thelower drawn end 19 of which is telescopically received within the upperopen end 20 of the intermediate casing section 21. drawn end 19 is ofsmaller diameter than the casing section 18, thereby forming a shoulder22 annularly around the device and resting on the upper end 20 of theintermediate section 21 and is welded thereto at 23. Intermediatesection at its lower end is provided with a drawn portion 24, similar tothe drawn portion 19 of the upper section 18' and telescopically engagesin the upper end of the lower section 25 and is welded thereto at 26,therefore it will be seen that the three sections 18, 20 and 25 formthree chambers 15, 16 and 1'7 with only two welds at 23 and 26,consequently the amount of welding is reduced to a minimum.

The bottom 19 of the upper casing section 18 is provided with a checkvalve 27, whereby as solid carbon dioxide sublimes on the perforatedbottom 28 in the casing chamber 15 and expands, it will pass into thechamber l6, and when the cover 29 is open for replenishing the solidcarbon dioxide in the chamber 15 valve 17 will close under pressure fromchamber 16, thereby preventing loss of gas. In this formall of thechambers 15, 16 and 1'7 may have a by-pass connection 30 controlled byvalves 31, 32 and 33 whereby gas from either or all of the chambers maybe discharged through a common discharge pipe 34, or entirely out offtherefrom if desired. Applicant does not limit 7 ,himself to theparticular by-pass arrangement, as

it is obvious this can be eliminated, particularly in by passingiromchambers 15 to 16, as this is taken care of in one vway by expansionthrough check valve 2'7. I

Referring to Figures 5 to '7 inclusive wherein a. further modificationis shown, in this form the device is in the form of a tank having aplurality of chambers 35, 36 and 3'7 connected by a bypass pipe 38 asclearly shown in Figure 6. Bypass pipe 38 is provided with a pluralityof valves 39 by the manipulation of whichthe generated gas isdistributed to the various chambers or to the common discharge pipe 40having a valve 41. In this form the solid carbon dioxide is first placedin the chamber 35 by removal of the cover 42 and is replenished fromtime to time in the usual manner, but after the manipulation of thevalves 39 to cutoff back flow of gas to the chamber 35 during therefilling operation. Although the various chambers in the devices shownare shown in vertical positions, it is to be understood that applicantmay construct the machine so'that it 'tion of solid chemicals,particularly carbon diox- ".iacent sections and a leak-proof connectionbecan be used in a horizontal position, particularly the form shown inFigures 5 to '7 inclusive.

From the above it will be seen that a liquefier is provided,particularly adapted for the sublima- 8o ide, that the amount of weldingis reduced to a minimum by the particular construction of drawn ends asclearly shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, and that transfer means isdisposed entirely within the cylinders for cutting oil the back flow ofpreviously'sublimed gas from one compartment to the original generatingcompartment. Applicant is well aware of the present use of machineswhereby the transfer of gas is controlled from the outside of thecylinder.

Referring to Figure 8, in this form of the invention, which is of thevertical or soda water type, the numeral 45 designates an uppercompartment and 46 a lower compartment, however these compartments arein separate containers 4'7 and 48 supported on a base 49. Connecting theupper container 4'7 into which the solid carbon dioxide is placed inadischarge pipe 50 having a check valve 51 therein, which opens as thesolid carbon dioxide sublimes in the compartment 100 45 and enters'thecompartment 46. In this form the containers 4'7 and 48 are provided withvalve control discharge pipes 52 and 53, through which the gas may bepiped to any suitable source of discharge, for instance carbonatingapparatus of the soda fountain.

Referring to Figure 9 the construction and operation of the device issubstantially the same as shown in Figure 8, with the exception inFigure 8.the check valve 51. is entirely within the device, while inFigure 9 the connecting pipe 50a is provided with a valve 54, wherebythe operator may cut ofi the upper compartment 45 when the cover 56 isopened for refilling purposes. The discharge pipes 5'7 and 58 from thecontainers 115 4'7 and 48 are connected together by a by-pass pipe 59having a common discharge pipe 60, which may lead to any .suitablesource of discharge. Pipes 5'7, 28 and 60 are provided with controlvalves 61 by means of which the flow of gas may 120 be controlledbetween the compartments or from the device. Conventional fracturevalves 62 are provided for relieving excess pressure.

'1'he invention having been set forth what is claimed as new and usefulis:

1. A gas liquefier comprising a single cylinder formed from a pluralityof sections having open and closed ends telescopically engaged, saidopen and closed ends being welded together.

2. A gas liquefier comprising a single cylinder 130 formed from aplurality of sections, said sections having integrally formed closedends and open ends, said closed ends being disposed within the opened'ends and welded thereto.

, 3. A gas liquefier comprising'a single cylinder formed from aplurality of sections having open and closed ends, the closedends beingformed integral with the sections and disposedwithin the open ends ofthe sectionsand leak-proof connections between said sections where theyengage. 4. A gas liquefier comprising a single container formed from aplurality of chambered sections, said sections having integrally formedclosed ends,- s'aid closed ends engaging the open ends of adtween saidsections where they engage.

5. A single casing gas liquefier formed from a plurality of sections,said sections having closed integral ends, open ends carried by saidsections and in which the closed endsof adjacent sections are disposedand leak-proof connections between said sections where they engage.

6. A single casing gas liquefier formed from a plurality of sections,said sections having integrally closed drawn ends disposed withinadjacent open ends of adjacent sections and leakproof connectionsbetween said sections where they interengage. I

7. The combination with a single casing gas iiquefier having a pluralityof chambers therein, means whereby a gas to be sublimed may be placed inone of said chambers and transferred by expansion into the other chamberand held against retrograde movement entirely by means located withinthe single casing.

8. The combination with a gas liquefier casing having a chamber for thereception of a solid chemical to be sublimed and a chamber into whichthe gas is transferred from the first men tioned chamber; of meanslocated entirely within the casing and pressure controlled whereby gasgenerated in the first mentioned chamber is transferred by expansivepressure into the secand chamber and held against retrograde movementinto the first chamber upon release of pressure in the first chamber.

9. The combination with a gas liquefier comprising a single casinghaving a chemical receiving chamber and a transfer chamber, a partitionbetween said chambers within the casing, of a check valve in saidpartition and forming means located entirely within the casing andpressure controlled, whereby gas generated in the chemical receivingchamber will be transferred to the transfer chamber and held againstretrograde movement upon release of pressure in the chemical receivingchamber.

10. A gas liquefier comprising upper and lower casings each forming achamber, said casings being in spaced relation and connected together bya relatively short rigid conduit through which gas from the upperchamber can pass to the lower chamber and valve means in said conduitand forming means whereby the upper casing chamber may be shut off fromthe lower casing chamber for refilling purposes and a discharge meansfor the lower casing.

11. A gas liquefier comprising spaced upper and lower casings eachforming a chamber, a cover carried by the upper casing and adapted to beopened for placing material in the upper casing to be liquefied, .arelatively short rigid conduit connecting said casings and having meanslocated entirely within the conduit whereby expanding gas in the upperchamber will pass through said means to the lower chamber and be cut oilfrom retrograde movement by said means upon opening of the cover of theupper casing.

12. A device as set forth in claim 8 including a manifold connectionbetween the chambers, a discharge means in connection with the manifoldmeans and means whereby gas from any of the chambers may be dischargedthrough the manifold.

13. A device as set forth in claim 8 including means for discharging gasfrom the chambers other thanthrough the chambers.

14. A device as set forth in claim 10 including a discharge means forthe upper chamber.

15. A device as set forth in claim 10 including a manifold connectionbetween the casing chambers and forming a discharge means for any or.all of the chambers.

WALTER S. HAID. P A. H. TERREIL.

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